Which term describes feelings of pity, sympathy, compassion, and sorrow evoked in literature?

The term that describes feelings of pity, sympathy, compassion, and sorrow evoked in literature is pathos. This concept is centered around emotional appeal, allowing authors to connect with readers on an emotional level. When a narrative or a character experiences hardship, loss, or suffering, the way it's portrayed can inspire feelings of compassion and empathy in the audience. This emotional engagement is crucial in storytelling, as it can influence readers' responses and enhance their understanding of the characters' experiences and the themes being explored.

Logos refers to logical reasoning and the use of facts or reasoned arguments to persuade an audience. Ethos pertains to the credibility or ethical appeal of the speaker or writer, focusing on establishing trust and authority. Irony, on the other hand, often involves a contrast between expectation and reality, creating a disparate situation that may be humorous or poignant but does not specifically evoke feelings of sympathy or compassion in the same way pathos does. Understanding the distinction between these literary elements enhances a reader's ability to analyze and appreciate the emotional depth of literary works.